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If an ability would produce one or more mana of an undefined type, it produces no mana instead.

Some abilities produce mana based on the type of mana another permanent or permanents “could produce.” The type of mana a permanent could produce at any time includes any type of mana that an ability of that permanent would produce if the ability were to resolve at that time, taking into account any applicable replacement effects in any possible order. Ignore whether any costs of the ability could or could not be paid. If that permanent wouldn’t produce any mana under these conditions, or no type of mana can be defined this way, there’s no type of mana it could produce.

To “tap [a permanent] for mana” is to activate a mana ability of that permanent that includes the {T} symbol in its activation cost. See rule 605, “Mana Abilities.”

An ability that triggers whenever a permanent “is tapped for mana” or is tapped for mana of a specified type triggers whenever such a mana ability resolves and produces mana or the specified type of mana.

A replacement effect that applies if a permanent “is tapped for mana” or tapped for mana of a specific type and/or amount modifies the mana production event while such an ability is resolving and producing mana or the specified type and/or amount of mana.

If an object’s enters-the-battlefield triggered ability or replacement effect refers to X, and the spell that became that object as it resolved had a value of X chosen for any of its costs, the value of X for that ability is the same as the value of X for that spell, although the value of X for that permanent is 0. This is an exception to rule 107.3i.

The tap symbol is {T}. The tap symbol in an activation cost means “Tap this permanent.” A permanent that’s already tapped can’t be tapped again to pay the cost. A creature’s activated ability with the tap symbol in its activation cost can’t be activated unless the creature has been under its controller’s control continuously since their most recent turn began. See rule 302.6.

The untap symbol is {Q}. The untap symbol in an activation cost means “Untap this permanent.” A permanent that’s already untapped can’t be untapped again to pay the cost. A creature’s activated ability with the untap symbol in its activation cost can’t be activated unless the creature has been under its controller’s control continuously since their most recent turn began. See rule 302.6.

A triggered ability won’t cost less, since there isn’t a triggering cost to reduce, but its targets will be chosen randomly.

Targets are chosen only from among legal targets.

Targeted spells and abilities cost only {2} less, even if they have more than one target.

One a spell or ability has had random targets chosen, a player can’t choose to not finish casting or activating that spell or ability unless there’s no way for the player to complete the process. For example, the player can’t choose to not activate mana abilities to pay for the spell.

If a spell or ability has “any number” of targets or “up to” a given number of targets, first its controller choses how many targets it has. If that number is greater than zero, the targets are chosen randomly.

A spell or ability is targeted if it has one or more targets.

If a spell or ability has two or more targets where the legality of one or more of those targets depends on what one or more of the other targets are, the targets are chosen at random in the order specified on the card. If choosing one player or object as a target would cause no legal targets to remain for another target, that player or object can’t be randomly chosen.