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If an ability would produce one or more mana of an undefined type, it produces no mana instead.

Some abilities produce mana based on the type of mana another permanent or permanents “could produce.” The type of mana a permanent could produce at any time includes any type of mana that an ability of that permanent would produce if the ability were to resolve at that time, taking into account any applicable replacement effects in any possible order. Ignore whether any costs of the ability could or could not be paid. If that permanent wouldn’t produce any mana under these conditions, or no type of mana can be defined this way, there’s no type of mana it could produce.

To “tap [a permanent] for mana” is to activate a mana ability of that permanent that includes the {T} symbol in its activation cost. See rule 605, “Mana Abilities.”

An ability that triggers whenever a permanent “is tapped for mana” or is tapped for mana of a specified type triggers whenever such a mana ability resolves and produces mana or the specified type of mana.

A replacement effect that applies if a permanent “is tapped for mana” or tapped for mana of a specific type and/or amount modifies the mana production event while such an ability is resolving and producing mana or the specified type and/or amount of mana.

If an object’s enters-the-battlefield triggered ability or replacement effect refers to X, and the spell that became that object as it resolved had a value of X chosen for any of its costs, the value of X for that ability is the same as the value of X for that spell, although the value of X for that permanent is 0. This is an exception to rule 107.3i.

The tap symbol is {T}. The tap symbol in an activation cost means “Tap this permanent.” A permanent that’s already tapped can’t be tapped again to pay the cost. A creature’s activated ability with the tap symbol in its activation cost can’t be activated unless the creature has been under its controller’s control continuously since their most recent turn began. See rule 302.6.

The untap symbol is {Q}. The untap symbol in an activation cost means “Untap this permanent.” A permanent that’s already untapped can’t be untapped again to pay the cost. A creature’s activated ability with the untap symbol in its activation cost can’t be activated unless the creature has been under its controller’s control continuously since their most recent turn began. See rule 302.6.

Similarly, if you create a token that's a copy of Kurbis, or if a card enters the battlefield as a copy of Kurbis without being cast, it enters with zero +1/+1 counters on it.

Once the activated ability resolves, damage will be prevented even if the creature later loses all of its +1/+1 counters.

If you copy Kurbis while it is on the stack (perhaps using an effect like that of Double Major), the copy wasn't cast, so no mana was spent to cast it. That Kurbis will enter with zero +1/+1 counters on it.

Kurbis enters with a number of +1/+1 counters on it equal to the total mana spent to cast it, and that number usually won't be the same as X. If you cast Kurbis for {G}{G}, it will enter the battlefield with two +1/+1 counters on it.

If a resolving spell enters the battlefield as a copy of Kurbis, it will enter the battlefield with a number of +1/+1 counters equal to the mana spent to cast the spell. For example, if you spend {3}{U} to cast Clone and choose to have it copy Kurbis as it enters the battlefield, it will enter with four +1/+1 counters on it because four mana was spent to cast Clone.