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If an ability would produce one or more mana of an undefined type, it produces no mana instead.

Some abilities produce mana based on the type of mana another permanent or permanents “could produce.” The type of mana a permanent could produce at any time includes any type of mana that an ability of that permanent would produce if the ability were to resolve at that time, taking into account any applicable replacement effects in any possible order. Ignore whether any costs of the ability could or could not be paid. If that permanent wouldn’t produce any mana under these conditions, or no type of mana can be defined this way, there’s no type of mana it could produce.

To “tap [a permanent] for mana” is to activate a mana ability of that permanent that includes the {T} symbol in its activation cost. See rule 605, “Mana Abilities.”

An ability that triggers whenever a permanent “is tapped for mana” or is tapped for mana of a specified type triggers whenever such a mana ability resolves and produces mana or the specified type of mana.

A replacement effect that applies if a permanent “is tapped for mana” or tapped for mana of a specific type and/or amount modifies the mana production event while such an ability is resolving and producing mana or the specified type and/or amount of mana.

If an object’s enters-the-battlefield triggered ability or replacement effect refers to X, and the spell that became that object as it resolved had a value of X chosen for any of its costs, the value of X for that ability is the same as the value of X for that spell, although the value of X for that permanent is 0. This is an exception to rule 107.3i.

The tap symbol is {T}. The tap symbol in an activation cost means “Tap this permanent.” A permanent that’s already tapped can’t be tapped again to pay the cost. A creature’s activated ability with the tap symbol in its activation cost can’t be activated unless the creature has been under its controller’s control continuously since their most recent turn began. See rule 302.6.

The untap symbol is {Q}. The untap symbol in an activation cost means “Untap this permanent.” A permanent that’s already untapped can’t be untapped again to pay the cost. A creature’s activated ability with the untap symbol in its activation cost can’t be activated unless the creature has been under its controller’s control continuously since their most recent turn began. See rule 302.6.

Olag remains a copy of the creature card you choose even if that card later leaves exile.

If there are no creature cards exiled with Ludevic as it transforms, perhaps because those cards were removed from exile in response to its activated ability or it transformed another way, Olag won't be a copy of anything. Olag will simply be its 4/4 self with no +1/+1 counters.

It's possible for Olag to become a copy of a card with the daybound keyword ability as it transforms. If this happens, it doesn't transform as it becomes night.

If Olag becomes a copy of another transforming double-faced card that doesn't have nightbound, such as Delver of Secrets, abilities of it gains or other effects may cause it to transform. If it transforms this way, it does not become Ludevic again. The copy effect continues to apply and its characteristics don't change. If the creature it is a copy of has a triggered ability that occurs when it transforms, that ability will trigger.

You choose which exiled creature card Olag is copying as it transforms. It doesn't transform and then become a copy.