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If an ability would produce one or more mana of an undefined type, it produces no mana instead.

Some spells or abilities that produce mana restrict how that mana can be spent, have an additional effect that affects the spell or ability that mana is spent on, or create a delayed triggered ability (see rule 603.7a) that triggers when that mana is spent. This doesn’t affect the mana’s type.

Some abilities produce mana based on the type of mana another permanent or permanents “could produce.” The type of mana a permanent could produce at any time includes any type of mana that an ability of that permanent would produce if the ability were to resolve at that time, taking into account any applicable replacement effects in any possible order. Ignore whether any costs of the ability could or could not be paid. If that permanent wouldn’t produce any mana under these conditions, or no type of mana can be defined this way, there’s no type of mana it could produce.

To “tap [a permanent] for mana” is to activate a mana ability of that permanent that includes the {T} symbol in its activation cost. See rule 605, “Mana Abilities.”

An ability that triggers whenever a permanent “is tapped for mana” or is tapped for mana of a specified type triggers whenever such a mana ability resolves and produces mana or the specified type of mana.

A replacement effect that applies if a permanent “is tapped for mana” or tapped for mana of a specific type and/or amount modifies the mana production event while such an ability is resolving and producing mana or the specified type and/or amount of mana.

If an object’s enters-the-battlefield triggered ability or replacement effect refers to X, and the spell that became that object as it resolved had a value of X chosen for any of its costs, the value of X for that ability is the same as the value of X for that spell, although the value of X for that permanent is 0. This is an exception to rule 107.3i.

The tap symbol is {T}. The tap symbol in an activation cost means “Tap this permanent.” A permanent that’s already tapped can’t be tapped again to pay the cost. A creature’s activated ability with the tap symbol in its activation cost can’t be activated unless the creature has been under its controller’s control continuously since their most recent turn began. See rule 302.6.

If the value chosen for X is 0, Unbound Flourishing will double the value to 0 for permanent spells, and copy other spells and abilities.

The copy has the same value of X.

If the spell or ability that's copied is modal (that is, it says "Choose one —" or the like), the copy will have the same mode or modes. You can't choose different ones.

A copy is created even if the spell or ability that caused Unbound Flourishing's ability to trigger has been countered by the time that ability resolves. The copy resolves before the original spell.

Spells with additional costs that include {X} won't be affected by Unbound Flourishing. {X} must be in the spell's mana cost.

If a permanent has an ability that triggers when it's cast and that references the value of X, you choose whether to double the value of X before or after that ability resolves.

The copy will have the same targets as the spell or ability it's copying unless you choose new ones. You may change any number of the targets, including all of them or none of them. The new targets must be legal.

Unbound Flourishing raises the value of X for permanent spells, but you don't pay any more mana.

Activated abilities contain a colon. They're generally written "[Cost]: [Effect]." Some keyword abilities are activated abilities and will have a colon in their reminder text. Triggered abilities (starting with "when," "whenever," or "at") that ask a player to pay {X} aren't copied.

The copy that Unbound Flourishing's ability creates is created on the stack, so it's not "cast" or "activated." Abilities that trigger when a player casts a spell or activates an ability won't trigger.

If you control two Unbound Flourishings, the value of X for permanent spells will be multiplied by four. If you control three, it will be multiplied by eight, and so on. On the other hand, spells and abilities that include {X} will only be copied twice if you control two Unbound Flourishings, three times if you control three, and so on.

An ability with a cost that includes X, but not the mana symbol {X}, won't be copied.

Unbound Flourishing's ability will copy any instant spell, sorcery spell, or activated ability whose mana cost or activation cost contains {X}, not just one with targets.

You can't choose to pay any additional costs for a copied spell. However, effects based on any additional costs that were paid for the original spell are copied as though those same costs were paid for the copy too.