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If an ability would produce one or more mana of an undefined type, it produces no mana instead.

Some abilities produce mana based on the type of mana another permanent or permanents “could produce.” The type of mana a permanent could produce at any time includes any type of mana that an ability of that permanent would produce if the ability were to resolve at that time, taking into account any applicable replacement effects in any possible order. Ignore whether any costs of the ability could or could not be paid. If that permanent wouldn’t produce any mana under these conditions, or no type of mana can be defined this way, there’s no type of mana it could produce.

To “tap [a permanent] for mana” is to activate a mana ability of that permanent that includes the {T} symbol in its activation cost. See rule 605, “Mana Abilities.”

An ability that triggers whenever a permanent “is tapped for mana” or is tapped for mana of a specified type triggers whenever such a mana ability resolves and produces mana or the specified type of mana.

A replacement effect that applies if a permanent “is tapped for mana” or tapped for mana of a specific type and/or amount modifies the mana production event while such an ability is resolving and producing mana or the specified type and/or amount of mana.

If an object’s enters-the-battlefield triggered ability or replacement effect refers to X, and the spell that became that object as it resolved had a value of X chosen for any of its costs, the value of X for that ability is the same as the value of X for that spell, although the value of X for that permanent is 0. This is an exception to rule 107.3i.

The tap symbol is {T}. The tap symbol in an activation cost means “Tap this permanent.” A permanent that’s already tapped can’t be tapped again to pay the cost. A creature’s activated ability with the tap symbol in its activation cost can’t be activated unless the creature has been under its controller’s control continuously since their most recent turn began. See rule 302.6.

The untap symbol is {Q}. The untap symbol in an activation cost means “Untap this permanent.” A permanent that’s already untapped can’t be untapped again to pay the cost. A creature’s activated ability with the untap symbol in its activation cost can’t be activated unless the creature has been under its controller’s control continuously since their most recent turn began. See rule 302.6.

Okay, so Outlaws’ Merriment and similar cards are weird. Far Out, even. For cards with mutually exclusive modes like Outlaws’ Merriment, you get all of the benefits of the modes you chose, combined as best you can. For Outlaws’ Merriment, that means you create a single red and white creature token with all the characteristics from every mode you chose. Powers get added together and toughnesses get added together. If you choose two modes (and why would you?), they’re still random. If you much more sensibly choose all three modes, you get a 6/4 Human Warrior Cleric Rogue with trample, lifelink, haste, and “When this creature enters the battlefield, it deals 1 damage to any target.”

If a mode requires a target, you must be able to choose a legal target in order to choose that mode.

Far Out applies only to modal spells and abilities. These include two or more options in a bulleted list preceded by instructions to choose a number of those options, such as “Choose one —” or similar. Each of those options is a mode. Older cards didn’t include the bulleted lists, but they have received updates to their Oracle texts and will be affected by Far Out.

The effects of modal spells and abilities always happen in the order the modes are printed on the card. The first mode will always happen before the second, which happens before the third, and so on.

Some spells have text that allows you to choose the same mode more than once. If you cast such a spell and choose to apply Far Out’s effect to it, you won’t be able to choose any single mode more than once.